Methods for separating hydrocarbon gases

ABSTRACT

A process for separating a hydrocarbon gas into a fraction containing a predominant portion of the methane or ethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominant portion of the C 2  or C 3  and heavier components in which process the feed gas is treated in one or more heat exchange, and expansion steps; partly condensed feed gas is directed into a separator wherein a first residue vapor is separated from a C 2  or C 3 -containing liquid; and C 2  or C 3 -containing liquids, at substantially the pressure of separation, are directed into a distillation column wherein said liquid is separated into a second residue is separated to recover a C 2  or C 3 -containing product.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the improvedrecovery of C₂ or C₃ and heavier components from hydrocarbon gases.

In conventional processes for extracting ethane or propane and heaviercomponents from hydrocarbon gases, the C₂ and/or C₃ bearing gases aretreated by a combination of expansion (or compression followed byexpansion) heat exchange and refrigeration to obtain a partiallycondensed stream which is collected in a feed separator having apressure typically in the order of 50 to 1200 psia and a temperature inthe order of −50° to −200° F. These conditions of course can varysubstantially, depending on the pressure and temperature conditionsnecessary to achieve partial condensation for a particular gas, and thepressure and temperature at which the feed is available to the process.The liquid resulting from partial condensation is supplied to afractionation column called a heavy ends fractionation column (HEFC) asa mid-column feed while the vapor from the feed separator is furthercooled via heat exchange, expansion or other means and then enters alight ends fractionation column (LEFC) as a feed. The overhead streamfrom the LEFC is used to generate reflux by partially condensing theoverhead vapors from the HEFC through appropriate heat exchange means.In a typical system the HEFC column will operate at a pressure less thanor substantially equal to that of the HEFC feed separator (possiblyallowing for a small pressure drop as the partially condensed liquidpasses from the separator to the HEFC) and the HEFC overhead vaporsleave at a temperature in the order of 0° to −170° F. The heat exchangeof these overhead vapors against the residue vapors from the LEFCprovides partial condensate which is used as a reflux to the LEFC.

Pre-cooling of the gas before it is expanded to the LEFC pressure willcommonly result in formation of a high-pressure condensate. To avoiddamage to the expander, the high pressure condensate, if it forms, isusually separated, separately expanded through a Joule-Thomson valve andused as a further feed to the mid-portion of the HEFC column.Refrigeration in such a process is sometimes entirely generated by workexpansion of the vapors remaining after partial condensation of the highpressure gas to the column operating pressure. Other processes mayinclude external refrigeration of the high pressure gases to providesome of the required cooling.

When processing natural gas, feed is typically available at linepressure, of 600-1000 psia. In such case expansion to a pressure in theorder of 150-300 psia is common. In an alternate process, facilities maybe designed to extract ethane or ethylene or propane or propylene fromrefinery gases. Refinery gases commonly are available a pressure of 150psia-250 psia. In this case, at the convenience of the process designer,the LEFC may be designed to operate at a pressure below the pressure ofthe refinery gas which is available, i.e., perhaps 50-100 psia, so thatwork expansion can be used to supply refrigeration to the process. Thiswill result in lower LEFC temperatures and will increase potential heatleakage and other engineering problems associated with cryogenictemperatures. It is also possible in this case to compress the refinerygas to a higher pressure so that it may be thereafter expanded in awork-expansion machine to afford refrigeration to the overall process.

A typical flow plan of a process for separating C₃ and heavierhydrocarbons from a gas stream is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,249to Jerry G. Gulsby.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment of the invention, there is described a process forseparating a hydrocarbon gas containing at least methane, ethane and C₃components into a fraction containing a predominant portion of theethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominantportion of the C₃ and heavier components or a predominant portion of themethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominantportion of the C₂ and heavier components, in which process

(a) the feed gas is treated in one or more heat exchangers, andexpansion steps to provide at least one partly condensed hydrocarbongas, providing thereby at least one first residue vapor and at least oneC₂ or C₃-containing liquid which liquid also contains lighterhydrocarbons; and(b) at least a portion of the C₂ or C₃-containing liquids is directedinto a distillation column wherein said liquid is separated into asecond residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and a C₂ or C₃-containingproduct; comprising:(1) cooling said second residue to partially condense it;(2) intimately contacting at least part of one of said first residuevapors with at least part of the liquid portion of the partiallycondensed second residue in at least one contacting stage and thereafterseparating the vapors and liquids from said contacting stage;(3) supplying the liquids thereby recovered to the distillation columnas a liquid feed thereto; and(4) directing the vapors thereby recovered into heat exchange relationwith said second residue from the distillation column, thereby to supplythe cooling of step (1), and thereafter discharging said residue gases;the improvement further comprising:(5) recovering a recycle gas stream from an expander-compressor or othercompressor;(6) cooling and partially condensing the recycle stream in said one ormore heat exchangers whereby the recycle stream is heat exchanged withgases from top of a light-ends fractionation column;(7) expanding the recycle stream thereby further condensing a portion ofand cooling the recycle stream;(8) feeding the expanded recycle stream to the LEFC thereby providing asecond LEFC feed stream; and(9) feeding a cold reflux stream from the subcooler into a light endsfractionation column, wherein colder temperatures realized by the coldreflux stream improves the yield of ethane or propane and heaviercomponents.

The contacting step (2) is carried out in a feed separator/absorberwhich includes fractionation means for vapor/liquid counter-currentcontact and

(i) wherein said partly condensed second residue is introduced into saidseparator/absorber above or at an intermediate point in saidfractionation means, whereby the liquid portion of it passes downwardlythrough said fractionation means; and(ii) wherein said partly condensed portion of the first residue isintroduced into said separator/absorber above or at an intermediatepoint in said fractionation means, whereby the liquid portion of itpasses downwardly through said fractionation means; and wherein saidportion of the cooled C₂ or C₃-containing liquid from the separator isintroduced into said separator/absorber above or at an intermediatepoint in said fractionation means, whereby the liquid portion of itpasses downwardly through said fractionation means; and(iii) said at least part of one of said first residue vapors is suppliedto said separator/absorber below said fractionation means, whereby thefirst residue vapor rises through said fractionation means incounter-current contact with the liquid portion of the partly condensedsecond residue.

The fractionation means in said separator/absorber provide theequivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage arranged tocontact at least part of one of said first residue vapors with theliquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.

The fractionation means in said separator/absorber provide theequivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage arranged tocontact at least part of one of said first residue vapors with theliquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.

At least part of one of said first residue vapors are co-mingled withthe liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue, liquidportion of the partially condensed portion of the first residue andportion of the cooled C₂ or C₃-containing liquid from the separator.

At least part of one of said first residue vapors are comingled withboth the liquid portions and vapor portions of said partially condensedsecond residue, partially condensed portion of the first residue vaporand portion of the cooled C₂ or C₃-containing liquid from the separator.

The recycle gas stream recovered may further pass throughexpander-compressor discharge cooler or other compression dischargecooler prior to it being partially condensed in the one or more heatexchangers.

The one or more heat exchangers where the recycle stream is partiallycondensed may have other liquid and gas flows present therein which canfurther be used, in addition to the gases from the top of the light-endsfractionation column to partially condense the recycle stream. Forexample, the liquid product from the light-ends fractionation column,the reboiler fluid, the side heater fluid and/or the residue gas streamsmay all pass through the one or more heat exchangers.

The one or more heat exchangers may be plate-fin exchangers. Theexpansion of the recycle stream may be through a flow control valve oradditional turboexpander.

The cold reflux stream that is fed into the light ends fractionationcolumn will come from the top of a heavy ends fractionation column.

Further, there is described an apparatus for separating a hydrocarbongas containing at least ethane and C₃ components into a fractioncontaining a predominant portion of ethane and lighter components and afraction containing a predominant portion of the C₃ and heaviercomponents in which apparatus

(a) one or more heat exchange means and one or more expansion means areprovided which are cooperatively connected to provide at least onepartly condensed hydrocarbon gas, providing thereby at least one firstresidue vapor and at least one C₃-containing liquid which liquid alsocontains lighter hydrocarbons and(b) a distillation column connected to receive at least one of saidC₃-containing liquids which is adapted to separate the C₃-Containingliquids into a second residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and aC₃-containing product;the improvement comprising(1) heat exchange means connected to said distillation column to receivesaid second residue and to partially condense it;(2) contacting and separating means connected to receive at least partof one of the first residue vapors and at least part of the liquidportion of the partially condensed second residue and to comingle saidvapor and liquid in at least one contacting stage, which means includeseparation means for separating the vapor and liquid after contact insaid stage;(3) said means (2) being further connected to supply the liquidsseparated therein to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto,and(4) said means (2) also being connected to direct the vapors separatedtherein into heat exchange relation with said second residue from thedistillation column in said heat exchange means (1); the improvementfurther comprising(5) Product cooler means connected to said distillation column toreceive said second residue from said distillation column and to feedsaid second residue to said heat exchange means.

The contacting and separating means includes fractionation means forcountercurrent vapor/liquid contact and wherein said means is connectedto receive the portion of one of first residue vapors to be treatedtherein below said fractionation means and to receive the portion ofsaid liquids from the partially condensed second residue to be treatedtherein above said fractionation means said fractionation means therebybeing adapted so that the first residue vapors rise therethrough incountercurrent contact with partially condensed second residue.

The fractionation means includes vapor/liquid contacting means which arethe equivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage.

The contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling atleast part of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portionof the partially condensed second residue.

The contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling atleast part of one of said first residue vapors with both the liquid andvapor portion of said partially condensed second residue.

The contacting and separating means includes fractionation means forcountercurrent vapor/liquid contact and wherein said means is connectedto receive the portion of one of first residue vapors to be treatedtherein below said fractionation means and to receive the portion ofsaid liquids from the partially condensed second residue, portion of thepartially condensed first residue and portion of the cooledC₃-containing liquid from the separator to be treated therein above orat an intermediate point in said fractionation means said fractionationmeans thereby being adapted so that the first residue vapors risethere-through in countercurrent contact with partially condensed secondresidue and portion of the partially condensed first residue and beingfurther adapted so that the portion of the C₃-containing liquid from theseparator is cooled by the liquids exiting the fractionation means.

The fractionation means includes vapor/liquid contacting means which arethe equivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage.

The contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling atleast part of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portionof the partially condensed second residue, liquid portion of thepartially condensed portion of the first residue and portion of thecooled C₃-containing liquid from the separator.

The contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling atleast part of one of said first residue vapors with both the liquid andvapor portion of said partially condensed second residue, said partiallycondensed portion of the first residue and portion of the cooled C₂ orC₃-containing liquid from the separator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a partial schematic representation of a hydrocarbonsseparation process according to the invention which shows half theprocess due to scaling constraints.

FIG. 1B is a partial schematic representation of the other half of ahydrocarbons separation process according to the invention which showsthe other half of the process due to scaling constraints.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an improved process for recovering C₂ orC₃ and heavier components from hydrocarbon-bearing gases. In theimproved process of the present invention the overhead vapor from theHEFC column is partly condensed and then at least the liquid condensateis combined with at least the vapor from the partially condensed feedgases described above in the LEFC which, in the present invention, alsoacts as an absorber. The LEFC is designed to afford one or morecontacting stages. Usually such stages are assumed for design purposesto be equilibrium stages, but in practice this need not be so. Vaporfrom the feed separator/absorber passes in heat exchange relation to theoverhead from the HEFC, thereby providing partial condensation of thatstream, and liquid from the LEFC is supplied to the HEFC as an upper ortop liquid feed to the column.

If the LEFC contains an absorption section, such as packing, or one ormore fractionation trays, these stages will be assumed to correspond toa suitable number of theoretical separation stages. Our calculationshave shown benefits with as few as one theoretical stage, and greaterbenefits as the number of theoretical stages is increased. We believethat benefits can be realized even with the equivalent of a fractionaltheoretical stage. The partially condensed HEFC overhead is suppliedabove this section, and the liquid portion of it passes downward throughthe absorption section. The partially condensed feed stream is usuallysupplied below the absorption section, so that the vapor portion of itpasses upwardly through it in countercurrent contact with the liquidsfrom the partially condensed HEFC overhead. The rising vapor joins thevapors which separate from partially condensed HEFC overhead above theabsorption section, to form a combined residue stream.

While described above with respect to a preferred embodiment in whichoverhead vapors are condensed and used to absorb valuable ethane,ethylene, propane, propylene, etc. from the expander outlet vapors, wepoint out that the present invention is not limited to this exactembodiment. Advantages can be realized, for instance, by treating only apart of the expander outlet vapor in this manner, or using only part ofthe overhead condensate as an absorbent in cases where other designconsiderations indicate that portions of the expander outlet or overheadcondensate should bypass the LEFC. We also point out that the LEFC canbe constructed as either a separate vessel, or as a section of the HEFCcolumn.

In the practice of this invention there will necessarily be a slightpressure difference between the LEFC and the HEFC which must be takeninto account. If the overhead vapors pass through the condenser and intothe separator without any boost in pressure, the LEFC will assume anoperating pressure slightly below the operating pressure of the HEFC. Inthis case the liquid feed withdrawn from the LEFC can be pumped to itsfeed position in the HEFC. An alternative is to provide a booster blowerin the vapor line to raise the operating pressure in the overheadcondenser and LEFC sufficiently so that the liquid feed can be suppliedto the HEFC without pumping. Still another alternate is to mount theLEFC at a sufficient elevation relative to the feed position of theliquid withdrawn therefrom that the hydrostatic head of the liquid willovercome the pressure difference.

In still another alternate, all or a part of the partially condensedHEFC overhead and all or part of the partially condensed feed can becombined, such as in the pipe line joining the expander output to theLEFC and if thoroughly intermingled, the liquids and vapors will mixtogether and separate in accordance with a relative volatility of thevarious components of the total combined streams. In this embodiment thevapor-liquid mixture from the overhead condenser can be used withoutseparation, or the liquid powder thereof may be separated. Suchco-mingling is considered for purposed of this invention as a contactingstage.

In still another variation of the foregoing, the partially condensedoverhead vapors can be separated, and the all or a part of the separatedliquid supplied to the LEFC or mixed with the vapors fed thereto.

The present invention provides improved recovery of ethane or ethylene,propane or propylene per amount of power input required to operate theprocess. An improvement in operating power required for operating a HEFCprocess may appear either in the form of reduced power requirements forexternal refrigeration, reduced power requirements for compression orrecompression, or both. Alternatively, if desired, increased C2 or C3recovery can be obtained for a fixed power input.

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B represent a schematic of a hydrocarbon separationprocess according to the invention. A hydrocarbon bearing gas naturalgas is fed through line 20 to a warm gas/gas exchanger 22-E3000 and thento a chiller 22-E3400. Refrigeration is supplied through line 52 and 53.The chiller has a line 54 which will withdraw refrigeration forrecompression and liquefaction. The cooled gas stream is fed throughline 21 through a cold gas/gas exchanger 22-3100 to a cold separationvessel 22-D1000.

The hydrocarbon gas stream will be separated into two streams with thetops leaving through line 22 and the bottoms through line 25 to line 16.The bottoms will pass through a valve in line 26 for flow control andwill rejoin line 26 to line 35 where they will enter subcooler 22-E3200.These cooled hydrocarbon gases leave the subcooler through line 36 andenter light ends fractionation column 22-T2000. The hydrocarbon gasstream that is not diverted will continue through line 37 to the lightends fractionation column 22-T2000 at the top of the column.

The tops from the cold separation vessel 22-D1000 will leave throughline 22 and reach a junction with line 24. Line 24 will also contain avalve assembly PV which is used to control the flow of the stream inLine 24. The remainder of the tops from the cold separation vessel flowthrough line 23 through an expander/compressor 22-X6000. This expandedhydrocarbon gas stream will be fed through line 29 into the light endsfractionation column 22-T2000.

The tops from the light ends fractionation column 22-T2000 will leavethrough line 39 and pass through line 40 where they will pass throughcold gas/gas exchanger 22-E3100 and warm gas/gas exchanger beforepassing through line 55 to an expander/compressor 22-C6000 where thecompressed gas stream will enter and expander/compressor dischargecooler 22-E4100 through line 59. The discharged gas stream will exitthrough line 58 and for sales or further processing as required.

Line 56 contacts line 55 and some of the hydrocarbon gas will be drawnoff before entering the expander/compressor 22-C6000 and recovered foruse as fuel gas. A valve assembly is present in line 56 for controllingthe quantity of the material to be used as fuel gas.

The bottoms from the light ends fractionation column 22-T2000 will exitthrough line 31. These bottoms comprise an intermediate liquid streamthat required further fractionation. Line 31 is in fluid communicationwith a transfer pump 22-P5000A/B which directs the bottoms from thelight ends fractionating column to line 33 and into the top of a heavyends fractionation column 22-T2100.

Part of the bottoms from the cold separator column 22-D1000 are divertedthrough line 27 where they will pass through a level control valve thatflows through line 28 into the heavy ends fractionating column.

A stream comprising a cooler, intermediate product liquid is withdrawnfrom the heavy ends fractionation column 22-T2100 through line 41 whichis fed to a side heater 22-E3800 which will heat the stream and returnit through line 42 to a point lower in the heavy ends fractionationcolumn from which it was withdrawn. Another side steam is withdrawn fromthe heavy ends fractionation column 22-T2100 through line 43 which isfed to a heavy ends fractionation column reboiler 22-E3700 which willheat the side stream. This stream is fed to a trim reboiler 22-E4000where it will be further heated before being returned through line 44 toa point lower in the heavy ends fractionation column from which it waswithdrawn. Line 45 will supply heating media (not shown) to the trimreboiler 22-E4000 while line 46 will return heating media from the trimreboiler. A line at the bottom of the heavy ends fractionating columnwill remove some of the hydrocarbon comprising mainly of C2s and lessvolatile hydrocarbons or C3s and less volatile hydrocarbon and direct itto a valve in line 51. Line 51 receives bottoms from the heavy endsfractionating column 22-T2100. Line 47 feeds the bottoms from the heavyends fractionating column and feeds them to a heavy ends fractionatingcolumn bottoms pump 22-P5100A/B which feeds the bottoms through line 49to a product exchanger 22-E3600 which feeds the bottoms through line 50to the product pump 22-P5200A/B. This pump directs the bottoms throughline 51 where they can be directly fed to a pipeline. A valve in line 49will allow bypass of the product exchanger 22-E3600 and divert the flowto an air or water cooled heat exchanger when the plant is operated inthe C3 and heavier recovery mode. After cooling, these bottoms can befed back into line 49 for feeding to the product exchanger 22-E3600.

The tops from the heavy ends fractionation column 22-T2100 will exitthrough line 34 and pass through a subcooler 22-E3200. Line 38 exits thesubcooler 22-E3200 and connects to a valve. The tops from the heavy endsfractionation column will be fed through line 30 into the light endsfractionation column 22-T2000 where they will be further fractionatedfor reentry back into the heavy ends fractionation column as a refluxstream.

A portion of the compressed residue gas from stream 58 is recycledthrough the overall cryogenic process not only to increase ethane andheavier hydrocarbon component recoveries, but also to reduce the energyconsumption of the overall system.

The improved process utilizes the recycle stream 1 in which a portion ofthe residue gas is cooled and partially liquefied in the subcoolerexchanger, 22-E3200, thus increasing the reflux in the light-endsfractionation column, 22-T2000. This recycle stream 1 is fed downstreamfrom the expander-compressor, 22-X/C600 and expander-compressordischarge cooler, 22-E4100. The recycle stream 1 is cooled and partiallycondensed in the inlet plate-fin heat exchanger, 22-E3000 where therecycle stream 1 can be cross-exchanged with an inlet stream 20, liquidproduct stream 49, the reboiler fluid stream 43, the side heater fluidstream 41 and the residue gas stream 40 together. The recycle streamleaves the heat exchanger 22-E3000 through line 2 and is expanded acrossa flow-control valve V2 where further liquefaction and cooling to therecycle stream will occur. This further cooled and liquefied recyclestream passes through flow-control valve V2 and enters line 3 which isfed into the subcooler 22-E3200. The subcooler 22-E3200 providesadditional refrigeration. By reaching these cold temperatures,additional liquefaction occurs thus providing more reflux to the lightends fractionation column 22-T2000. Said reflux will result in moreethane adsorption as well as increasing ethane and heavier componentrecoveries.

The recycle stream having provided more reflux for the LEFC, flowsthrough the other side of the subcooler 22-E3200 where it is heated andflows through line 4 to line 40 where it will be fed through heatexchanger 22-E3000 where it will be further heated and then fed throughline 55 to expander/compressor 22-C6000. The compressed stream will befed through line 59 to expander/compressor discharge cooler 22-E4100where it will be compressed again and fed into line 1 where it willrecycle ultimately to subcooler 22-E3200.

While this invention has been described with respect to particularembodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms andmodifications of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in theart. The appended claims in this invention generally should be construedto cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within thetrue spirit and scope of the invention.

1. In a process for separating a hydrocarbon gas containing at leastethane and C₃ and heavier components into a fraction containing apredominant portion of the ethane and lighter components and a fractioncontaining a predominant portion of the C₃ and heavier components inwhich process (a) the feed gas is treated in one or more heatexchangers, and expansion steps to provide at least one partly condensedhydrocarbon gas, providing thereby at least one first residue vapor andat least one C₃-containing liquid which liquid also contains lighterhydrocarbons; and (b) at least one of the C₃-containing liquids isdirected into a distillation column wherein said liquid is separatedinto a second residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and aC₃-containing product; the improvement comprising (1) cooling saidsecond residue to partially condense it; (2) intimately contacting atleast part of one of said first residue vapors with at least part of theliquid portion of the partially condensed second residue in at least onecontacting stage and thereafter separating the vapors and liquids fromsaid contacting stage; (3) supplying the liquids thereby recovered tothe distillation column as a liquid feed thereto; and (4) directing thevapors thereby recovered into heat exchange relation with said secondresidue from the distillation column, thereby to supply the cooling ofstep (1), and thereafter discharging said residue gases; the improvementfurther comprising: (5) recovering a recycle gas stream from anexpander-compressor or residue gas compressor; (6) cooling and partiallycondensing the recycle stream in said one or more heat exchangerswhereby the recycle stream is heat exchanged in a subcooler with gasesfrom top of a light-ends fractionation column; (7) expanding and feedinga cold reflux stream from the subcooler into a light ends fractionationcolumn, wherein colder temperatures realized by the cold reflux streamimproves the yield of ethane and heavier components.
 2. The process asclaimed in claim 1 wherein said contacting step (2) is carried out in alight end fractionation column which includes fractionation means forvapor/liquid counter-current contact and (i) wherein said partlycondensed second residue is introduced into said light endsfractionation column above said fractionation means, whereby the liquidportion of it passes downwardly through said fractionation means; and(ii) said at least part of one of said first residue vapors is suppliedto said light ends fractionation column below said fractionation means,whereby the first residue vapor rises through said fractionation meansin counter-current contact with the liquid portion of the partlycondensed second residue.
 3. The process as claimed in claim 2 whereinthe fractionation means in said light ends fractionation column providethe equivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage arrangedto contact at least part of one of said first residue vapors with theliquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.
 4. Theimprovement according to claim 1 wherein at least part of one of saidfirst residue vapors are co-mingled with the liquid portion of thepartially condensed second residue.
 5. The process as claimed in claim 1wherein at least part of one of said first residue vapors and arecomingled with both the liquid portion and vapor portion of saidpartially condensed second residue.
 6. The process as claimed in claim 1wherein said recycle gas stream recovered is further fed through anexpander/compressor discharge cooler or residue gas compressor dischargecooler prior to it being condensed in said one or more heat exchangers.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said one or more heatexchangers receives additional gas and liquid flows to cool andpartially condense the recycle stream.
 8. The process as claimed inclaim 7 wherein said additional gas and liquid flows are selected fromthe group consisting of inlet gas stream, liquid product stream,reboiler fluid stream, side heater fluid stream, refrigerant stream(s)and residue gas stream.
 9. The process as claimed in claim 1 whereinsaid one or more heat exchangers is a plate-fin exchanger, shell andtube heat exchanger or coil wound heat exchanger.
 10. The process asclaimed in claim 1 wherein said expanding is through a flow controlvalve or turboexpander.
 11. The process as claimed in claim 1 whereinsaid cold reflux stream is from a heavy ends fractionation column. 12.In an apparatus for separating a hydrocarbon gas containing at leastethane and C₃ components into a fraction containing a predominantportion of ethane and lighter components and a fraction containing apredominant portion of the C₃ and heavier components in which apparatus(a) one or more heat exchange means and one or more expansion means areprovided which are cooperatively connected to provide at least onepartly condensed hydrocarbon gas, providing thereby at least one firstresidue vapor and at least one C₃-containing liquid which liquid alsocontains lighter hydrocarbons and (b) a distillation column connected toreceive at least one of said C₃-containing liquids which is adapted toseparate the C₃-containing liquids into a second residue containinglighter hydrocarbons and a C₃-containing product; the improvementcomprising (1) heat exchange means connected to said distillation columnto receive said second residue and to partially condense it; (2)contacting and separating means connected to receive at least part ofone of the first residue vapors and at least part of the liquid portionof the partially condensed second residue and to comingle said vapor andliquid in at least one contacting stage, which means include separationmeans for separating the vapor and liquid after contact in said stage;(3) said means (2) being further connected to supply the liquidsseparated therein to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto,and (4) said means (2) also being connected to direct the vaporsseparated therein into heat exchange relation with said second residuefrom the distillation column in said heat exchange means (1); theimprovement further comprising (5) Product cooler means connected tosaid distillation column to receive said second residue from saiddistillation column and to feed said second residue to said heatexchange means.
 13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein saidcontacting and separating means includes fractionation means forcountercurrent vapor/liquid contact and wherein said means is connectedto receive the portion of one of first residue vapors to be treatedtherein below said fractionation means and to receive the portion ofsaid liquids from the partially condensed second residue to be treatedtherein above said fractionation means said fractionation means therebybeing adapted so that the first residue vapors rise therethrough incountercurrent contact with partially condensed second residue.
 14. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein said fractionation meansincludes vapor/liquid contacting means which are the equivalent of atleast one theoretical distillation stage.
 15. The apparatus as claimedin claim 14 wherein said contacting and separating means (2) comprisemeans for comingling at least part of one of said first residue vaporswith the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue. 16.The apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said contacting andseparating means (2) comprise means for comingling at least part of oneof said first residue vapors with both the liquid and vapor portion ofsaid partially condensed second residue.
 17. In a process for separatinga hydrocarbon gas containing at least methane and C₂ and heaviercomponents into a fraction containing a predominant portion of themethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominantportion of the C₂ and heavier components in which process (a) the feedgas is treated in one or more heat exchangers, and expansion steps toprovide at least one partly condensed hydrocarbon gas, providing therebyat least one first residue vapor and at least one C₂-containing liquidwhich liquid also contains lighter hydrocarbons; and (b) at least one ofthe C₂-containing liquids is directed into a distillation column whereinsaid liquid is separated into a second residue containing lighterhydrocarbons and a C₂-containing product; the improvement comprising (1)cooling said second residue to partially condense it; (2) intimatelycontacting at least part of one of said first residue vapors with atleast part of the liquid portion of the partially condensed secondresidue in at least one contacting stage and thereafter separating thevapors and liquids from said contacting stage; (3) supplying the liquidsthereby recovered to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto;and (4) directing the vapors thereby recovered into heat exchangerelation with said second residue from the distillation column, therebyto supply the cooling of step (1), and thereafter discharging saidresidue gases; the improvement further comprising: (5) recovering arecycle gas stream from an expander-compressor or residue gascompressor; (6) cooling and partially condensing the recycle stream insaid one or more heat exchangers whereby the recycle stream is heatexchanged in a subcooler with gases from top of a light-endsfractionation column; (7) expanding and feeding a cold reflux streamfrom the subcooler into a light ends fractionation column, whereincolder temperatures realized by the cold reflux stream improves theyield of ethane and heavier components.
 18. The process as claimed inclaim 17 wherein said contacting step (2) is carried out in a light endfractionation column which includes fractionation means for vapor/liquidcounter-current contact and (i) wherein said partly condensed secondresidue is introduced into said light ends fractionation column abovesaid fractionation means, whereby the liquid portion of it passesdownwardly through said fractionation means; and (ii) said at least partof one of said first residue vapors is supplied to said light endsfractionation column below said fractionation means, whereby the firstresidue vapor rises through said fractionation means in counter-currentcontact with the liquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.19. The process as claimed in claim 18 wherein the fractionation meansin said light ends fractionation column provide the equivalent of atleast one theoretical distillation stage arranged to contact at leastpart of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portion of thepartly condensed second residue.
 20. The improvement according to claim17 wherein at least part of one of said first residue vapors areco-mingled with the liquid portion of the partially condensed secondresidue.
 21. The process as claimed in claim 17 wherein at least part ofone of said first residue vapors and are comingled with both the liquidportion and vapor portion of said partially condensed second residue.22. The process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said recycle gas streamrecovered is further fed through an expander/compressor discharge cooleror residue gas compressor discharge cooler prior to it being condensedin said one or more heat exchangers.
 23. The process as claimed in claim17 wherein said one or more heat exchangers receives additional gas andliquid flows to cool and partially condense the recycle stream.
 24. Theprocess as claimed in claim 23 wherein said additional gas and liquidflows are selected from the group consisting of inlet gas stream, liquidproduct stream, reboiler fluid stream, side heater fluid stream,refrigerant stream(s) and residue gas stream.
 25. The process as claimedin claim 17 wherein said one or more heat exchangers is a plate-finexchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger or coil wound heat exchanger.26. The process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said expanding is througha flow control valve or turboexpander.
 27. The process as claimed inclaim 17 wherein said cold reflux stream is from a heavy endsfractionation column.
 28. In an apparatus for separating a hydrocarbongas containing at least methane and C₂ components into a fractioncontaining a predominant portion of methane and lighter components and afraction containing a predominant portion of the C₂ and heaviercomponents in which apparatus (a) one or more heat exchange means andone or more expansion means are provided which are cooperativelyconnected to provide at least one partly condensed hydrocarbon gas,providing thereby at least one first residue vapor and at least oneC₂-containing liquid which liquid also contains lighter hydrocarbons and(b) a distillation column connected to receive at least one of saidC₂-containing liquids which is adapted to separate the C₂-containingliquids into a second residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and aC₂-containing product; the improvement comprising (1) heat exchangemeans connected to said distillation column to receive said secondresidue and to partially condense it; (2) contacting and separatingmeans connected to receive at least part of one of the first residuevapors and at least part of the liquid portion of the partiallycondensed second residue and to comingle said vapor and liquid in atleast one contacting stage, which means include separation means forseparating the vapor and liquid after contact in said stage; (3) saidmeans (2) being further connected to supply the liquids separatedtherein to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto, and (4)said means (2) also being connected to direct the vapors separatedtherein into heat exchange relation with said second residue from thedistillation column in said heat exchange means (1); the improvementfurther comprising (5) Product cooler means connected to saiddistillation column to receive said second residue from saiddistillation column and to feed said second residue to said heatexchange means.
 29. The apparatus as claimed in claim 28 wherein saidcontacting and separating means includes fractionation means forcountercurrent vapor/liquid contact and wherein said means is connectedto receive the portion of one of first residue vapors to be treatedtherein below said fractionation means and to receive the portion ofsaid liquids from the partially condensed second residue to be treatedtherein above said fractionation means said fractionation means therebybeing adapted so that the first residue vapors rise therethrough incountercurrent contact with partially condensed second residue.
 30. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 29 wherein said fractionation meansincludes vapor/liquid contacting means which are the equivalent of atleast one theoretical distillation stage.
 31. The apparatus as claimedin claim 30 wherein said contacting and separating means (2) comprisemeans for comingling at least part of one of said first residue vaporswith the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue. 32.The apparatus as claimed in claim 29 wherein said contacting andseparating means (2) comprise means for comingling at least part of oneof said first residue vapors with both the liquid and vapor portion ofsaid partially condensed second residue.